Energy consumption

Quantum mechanics

Algorithm

Engineering

Multi-swarm optimization

Virtualization

Server

Operating system

Power (physics)

Particle swarm optimization

Parallel computing

Computer science

Cloud computing

Distributed computing

Service-level agreement

Physics

CloudSim

Virtual machine

Electrical engineering

IEEE Access

With the widespread usage of cloud computing to benefit from its services, cloud service providers have invested in constructing large scale data centers.Consequently, a tremendous increase in energy consumption has arisen in conjunction with its results, including a remarkable rise in costs of operating and cooling servers.Besides, increasing energy consumption has a significant impact on the environment due to emissions of carbon dioxide.Dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) into the minimal number of Physical Machines (PMs) is considered as one of the magic solutions to manage power consumption.The virtual machine placement problem is a critical issue for good VM consolidation.This paper proposes a Power-Aware technique depending on Particle Swarm Optimization (PAPSO) to determine the near-optimal placement for the migrated VMs.A discrete version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is adopted based on a decimal encoding to map the migrated VMs to the best appropriate PMs.Furthermore, an effective minimization fitness function is employed to reduce power consumption without violating the Service Level Agreement (SLA).Specifically, PAPSO consolidates the migrated VMs into the minimum number of PMs with a major constraint to decrease the number of overloaded hosts as much as possible.Therefore, the number of VM migrations can be reduced drastically by taking into consideration the main sources for VM migrations; overloaded hosts and underloaded ones.PAPSO is implemented in CloudSim and the experimental results on random workloads with different sizes of VMs and PMs show that PAPSO does not violate SLA and outperforms the Power-Aware Best Fit Decreasing algorithm (PABFD).It can reduce about 8.01%, 39.65%, 66.33%, and 11.87% on average in terms of consumed energy, number of VM migrations, number of host shutdowns and the combined metric Energy SLA Violation (ESV), respectively.

PAPSO: A Power-Aware VM Placement Technique Based on Particle Swarm Optimization