Ca²⁺ mediates extracellular vesicle biogenesis through alternate pathways in malignancy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small extracellular membrane vesicles that serve as important intercellular signalling intermediaries in both malignant and non-malignant cells. For EVs formed by the plasma membrane, their biogenesis is characterized by an increase in intracellular calcium followed by successive membrane and cytoskeletal changes. EV production is significantly higher in malignant cells relative to non-malignant cells and...