Cytoskeleton

Cell

Organic chemistry

Microtubule

Ring (chemistry)

Mathematics

Cytokinesis

Biology

Function (biology)

FtsZ

Chemistry

Microfilament

Treadmilling

Division ring

Tubulin

Cell division

Cell biology

Biochemistry

Division (mathematics)

MreB

Arithmetic

Annual Review of Biophysics

The FtsZ protein is a highly conserved bacterial tubulin homolog. In vivo, the functional form of FtsZ is the polymeric, ring-like structure (Z-ring) assembled at the future division site during cell division. While it is clear that the Z-ring plays an essential role in orchestrating cytokinesis, precisely what its functions are and how these functions are achieved remain elusive. In this article, we review what we have learned during the past decade about the Z-ring's structure, function, and dynamics, with a particular focus on insights generated by recent high-resolution imaging and single-molecule analyses. We suggest that the major function of the Z-ring is to govern nascent cell pole morphogenesis by directing the spatiotemporal distribution of septal cell wall remodeling enzymes through the Z-ring's GTP hydrolysis-dependent treadmilling dynamics. In this role, FtsZ functions in cell division as the counterpart of the cell shape-determining actin homolog MreB in cell elongation.

Insights into the Structure, Function, and Dynamics of the Bacterial Cytokinetic FtsZ-Ring