Finance

Stability (learning theory)

Physics

Mathematics

Diffusion

Optics

Reaction–diffusion system

Machine learning

Mathematical analysis

Order (exchange)

Artificial intelligence

Economics

Control (management)

Focus (optics)

Computer science

Applied mathematics

Control theory (sociology)

Artificial neural network

Thermodynamics

IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

A neural-network model of fractional order with impulsive perturbations, time-varying delays, and reaction-diffusion terms is investigated in this article. The focus is on investigating qualitative properties of the states and developing new almost periodicity and stability criteria. The uncertain case is also considered. Examples are established and the effectiveness of the obtained criteria is demonstrated.

Almost Periodicity in Impulsive Fractional-Order Reaction–Diffusion Neural Networks With Time-Varying Delays