Social relation

Sociology

Cognitive science

Scripting language

Human–computer interaction

Operating system

World Wide Web

Political science

Psychology

Programming language

Extension (predicate logic)

Scholarship

Computer science

Social media

Social psychology

Human-Machine Communication

The computers are social actors framework (CASA), derived from the media equation, explains how people communicate with media and machines demonstrating social potential. Many studies have challenged CASA, yet it has not been revised. We argue that CASA needs to be expanded because people have changed, technologies have changed, and the way people interact with technologies has changed. We discuss the implications of these changes and propose an extension of CASA. Whereas CASA suggests humans mindlessly apply human-human social scripts to interactions with media agents, we argue that humans may develop and apply human-media social scripts to these interactions. Our extension explains previous dissonant findings and expands scholarship regarding human-machine communication, human-computer interaction, human-robot interaction, human-agent interaction, artificial intelligence, and computer-mediated communication.

Building a Stronger CASA: Extending the Computers Are Social Actors Paradigm