Geochemistry

Tectonics

Lava

Fumarole

Ecology

Classification of discontinuities

Biology

Geomorphology

Geothermal gradient

Volcano

Earth science

Fault (geology)

Seismology

Soil gas

Geothermal energy

Geology

Soil water

Oceanography

Induced seismicity

Geothermal exploration

Greenhouse gas

Petrology

Active fault

Mathematics

Environmental science

Mathematical analysis

Soil science

Geophysics

Carbon dioxide

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Magmatic volatiles can be considered as the surface fingerprint of active volcanic systems, both during periods of quiescent and eruptive volcanic activity. The spatial variability of gas emissions at Earths surface is a proxy for structural discontinuities in the subsurface of volcanic systems. We conducted extensive and regular spaced soil gas surveys within the Los Humeros geothermal field to improve the understanding of the structural control on fluid flow. Surveys at different scales were performed with the aim to identify areas of increased gas emissions on reservoir scale, their relation to unknown/knows volcano-tectonic structures on fault scale favoring fluid flow, and determine the origin of gas emissions. Herein, we show results from a carbon dioxide efflux scouting survey, which was performed across the main geothermal production zone together with soil temperature measurements. We identified five areas with increased carbon dioxide emissions, where further sampling was performed with denser sampling grids to understand the fault zone architecture and local variations in gas emissions. We show that a systematic sampling approach on reservoir scale is necessary for the identification and assessment of major permeable fault segments. The combined processing of CO2 efflux and carbon/helium isotopes facilitated the detection of permeable structural segments with a connection to the deep, high-temperature geothermal reservoir, also in areas with low to intermediate carbon dioxide emissions. The results of this study complement existing geophysical datasets and define further promising areas for future exploration activities in the north- and southwestern sector of the production field.

Magmatic volatiles to assess permeable volcano-tectonic structures in the Los Humeros geothermal field, Mexico