Internal medicine

Peer victimization

Transgender

Poison control

Moderation

Meta-analysis

Psychoanalysis

Mathematics education

Machine learning

Ethnic group

Developmental psychology

Political science

Psychology

Human factors and ergonomics

Lesbian

At-risk students

Computer science

Ethnically diverse

Multilevel model

Medicine

Social psychology

Environmental health

Journal of School Violence

Although research suggests that LGBTQ youth are at risk for victimization at school, it remains unclear just how much more likely they are to be victimized relative to heterosexual or cisgender youth, or the conditions under which their risks for victimization are highest. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between LGBTQ identification and school victimization. Multilevel analysis of 276 effect size estimates, from 55 studies, revealed a moderate overall mean effect size (r = .155). Moderator analyses indicated the relationship was stronger for transgender youth, homophobic victimization, and students in the Western United States; and weaker for questioning youth. We conclude with recommendations for policy and future research, and suggest that theories of victimization be broadened to better explain the risks that LGBTQ students face.

The Victimization of LGBTQ Students at School: A Meta-Analysis