Behavioral Biomarkers for Animal Health: A Case Study Using Animal-Attached Technology on Loggerhead Turtles

Vertebrates are recognized as sentient beings. Consequently, urgent priority is now being given to understanding the needs and maximizing the welfare of animals under human care. The general health of animals is most commonly determined by physiological indices e.g. blood sampling, but may also be assessed by documenting behaviour. Physiological health assessments, although powerful, may be stressful for animals, time-consuming and costly, while...