Internal medicine

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Heart failure

Stroke (engine)

Population

Preload

Blood pressure

Afterload

Engineering

Cardiology

Hemodynamics

Angiology

Medicine

Mechanical engineering

Environmental health

Clinical Hypertension

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. It affects a substantial proportion of the population worldwide, and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.Long-standing high blood pressure leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction that cause an increase in myocardial rigidity, which renders the myocardium less compliant to changes in the preload, afterload, and sympathetic tone. Adequate blood pressure control must be achieved in patients with hypertension to prevent progression to overt heart failure. Controlling blood pressure is also important in patients with established heart failure, especially among those with preserved ejection fractions. However, aggressive blood pressure lowering can cause adverse outcomes, because a reverse J-curve association may exist between the blood pressure and the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Little robust evidence exists regarding the optimal blood pressure target for patients with heart failure, but a value near 130/80 mmHg seems to be adequate according to the current guidelines.Prospective studies are required to further investigate the optimal blood pressure target for patients with heart failure.

Blood pressure and heart failure