Flocculation

Biotechnology

Mathematics

Extraction (chemistry)

Pulp and paper industry

Agronomy

Value added

Biology

Biomass (ecology)

Statistics

Filtration (mathematics)

Macroeconomics

Engineering

Photobioreactor

Economics

Biochemical engineering

Chemistry

Environmental science

Chromatography

Biofuel

Environmental engineering

Bioengineered

The richness of high-value bio-compounds derived from microalgae has made microalgae a promising and sustainable source of useful product. The present work starts with a review on the usage of open pond and photobioreactor in culturing various microalgae strains, followed by an in-depth evaluation on the common harvesting techniques used to collect microalgae from culture medium. The harvesting methods discussed include filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, and flotation. Additionally, the advanced extraction technologies using ionic liquids as extractive solvents applied to extract high-value bio-compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other bioactive compounds from microalgae biomass are summarized and discussed. However, more work needs to be done to fully utilize the potential of microalgae biomass for the application in large-scale production of biofuels, food additives, and nutritive supplements.

A review on microalgae cultivation and harvesting, and their biomass extraction processing using ionic liquids