Drug resistance

Public health

Pathology

Salmonella

Salmonella typhi

Antibiotics

Bacteria

Escherichia coli

Biology

Microbiology

Gene

Serotype

Intensive care medicine

Virology

Chemistry

Immunology

Salmonella enterica

Enteric fever

Antimicrobial

Typhoid fever

Genetics

Biochemistry

Medicine

Antibiotic resistance

Environmental health

BMC Medicine

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing threat to global health. There are > 14 million cases of enteric fever every year and > 135,000 deaths. The disease is primarily controlled by antimicrobial treatment, but this is becoming increasingly difficult due to AMR. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of AMR in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A infections globally, to evaluate the extent of the problem, and to facilitate the creation of geospatial maps of AMR prevalence to help targeted public health intervention.

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis