Pose

Engineering

Object detection

Pascal (unit)

Aerospace engineering

Articulated body pose estimation

Joint (building)

Computer science

Single stage

Psychology

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Pipeline (software)

Lift (data mining)

Psychotherapist

Generality

3D pose estimation

Artificial intelligence

Architectural engineering

Programming language

Machine learning

Computer vision

Multi-person pose estimation is a challenging problem. Existing methods are mostly two-stage based-one stage for proposal generation and the other for allocating poses to corresponding persons. However, such two-stage methods generally suffer low efficiency. In this work, we present the first single-stage model, Single-stage multi-person Pose Machine (SPM), to simplify the pipeline and lift the efficiency for multi-person pose estimation. To achieve this, we propose a novel Structured Pose Representation (SPR) that unifies person instance and body joint position representations. Based on SPR, we develop the SPM model that can directly predict structuredposesfor multiple persons in a single stage, and thus offer a more compact pipeline and attractive efficiency advantage over two-stage methods. In particular, SPR introduces the root joints to indicate different person instances and human body joint positions are encoded into their displacements w.r.t. the roots. To better predict long-range displacements for some joints, SPR is further extended to hierarchical representations. Based on SPR, SPM can efficiently perform multi-person poses estimation by simultaneously predicting root joints (location of instances) and body joint displacements via CNNs. Moreover, to demonstrate the generality of SPM, we also apply it to multi-person 3D pose estimation. Comprehensive experiments on benchmarks MPII, extended PASCAL-PersonPart, MSCOCO and CMU Panoptic clearly demonstrate the state-of-the-art efficiency of SPM for multi-person 2D/3D pose estimation, together with outstanding accuracy.

Single-Stage Multi-Person Pose Machines