Finance

Actuarial science

Valuation (finance)

Risk management

Mathematics

Liberian dollar

Statistics

Mathematical optimization

Mathematical analysis

Econometrics

Economics

Variable (mathematics)

Monte Carlo method

Model risk

Computer science

Value at risk

International Review of Financial Analysis

Variable annuities (VAs) with various guarantees are popular retirement products in the past decades. However, due to the sophistication of the embedd…

Efficient willow tree method for variable annuities valuation and risk management☆