Neuroscience

Negativity effect

Cognitive psychology

Psychology

Mismatch negativity

Negativity bias

Stimulus (psychology)

Electroencephalography

Social Neuroscience

Past research has provided support for the existence of a negativity bias, the tendency for negativity to have a stronger impact than positivity. Theoretically, the negativity bias provides an evolutionary advantage, as it is more critical for survival to avoid a harmful stimulus than to pursue a potentially helpful one. The current paper reviews the theoretical grounding of the negativity bias in the Evaluative Space Model, and presents recent findings using a multilevel approach that further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the negativity bias and underscore the importance of the negativity bias for human functioning.

The negativity bias, revisited: Evidence from neuroscience measures and an individual differences approach