Biology

Ganglioside

Cell culture

Ganglioneuroma

Cancer research

Biochemistry

Paleontology

Neuroblastoma

Biomarker

Genetics

Ganglioneuroblastoma

Stage (stratigraphy)

Internal medicine

Oncology

Medicine

Gastroenterology

Blood cancer

Cancer

Pathology

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

Background G D2 is a ganglioside that is ubiquitously expressed in the plasma membrane of neuroblastoma and is shed into the circulation. Procedure G D2 was measured with a high‐pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay in serum or plasma from 40 children without cancer (controls) and in biobanked samples from 128 (73 high‐risk) children with neuroblastic tumors at diagnosis, 56 children with relapsed neuroblastoma, 14 children with high‐risk neuroblastoma after treatment, and 8 to 12 children each with 10 other common childhood cancers at diagnosis. Results The C 18 (18 carbon fatty acid) lipoform was the predominant circulating form of G D2 in controls and in patients with neuroblastoma. The median concentration of G D2 in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma at diagnosis was 167 nM (range, 16.1‐1060 nM), which was 30‐fold higher than the median concentration (5.6 nM) in controls. G D2 was not elevated in serum from children with the differentiated neuroblastic tumors, ganglioneuroma ( n = 10) and ganglioneuroblastoma‐intermixed subtype ( n = 12), and in children with 10 other childhood cancers. G D2 concentrations were significantly higher in serum from children with MYCN ‐amplified tumors ( P = 0.0088), high‐risk tumors ( P &lt; 0.00001), International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4 tumors ( P &lt; 0.00001), and in children who died ( P = 0.034). Conclusions Circulating G D2 appears to be a specific and sensitive tumor biomarker for high‐risk/high‐stage neuroblastoma and may prove to be clinically useful as a diagnostic or prognostic circulating tumor biomarker. G D2 will be measured prospectively and longitudinally in children enrolled on a high‐risk neuroblastoma treatment trial to assess its ability to measure response to treatment and predict survival.

The ganglioside G<sub>D2</sub> as a circulating tumor biomarker for neuroblastoma

The ganglioside GD2 as a circulating tumor biomarker for neuroblastoma

The ganglioside G_D2 as a circulating tumor biomarker for neuroblastoma