Gerontology

Macroeconomics

Scale (ratio)

Discriminant validity

Cartography

Depression (economics)

Somatic anxiety

Psychiatry

Economics

Anxiety

Psychometrics

Rehabilitation

Construct validity

Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)

Psychology

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Geography

Physical therapy

Psychotherapist

Quality of life (healthcare)

Internal medicine

Distress

Medicine

Clinical psychology

Disease

Internal consistency

Anhedonia

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Adults with cardiovascular disease often experience symptoms of anxiety and depression that interfere with treatment, decrease quality of life, and increase mortality rates.1-3 The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a brief, descriptive self-report questionnaire validated in cardiovascular disease populations, offering an efficient way to screen patients for psychological comorbidities. Compared with other common depression and anxiety screening instruments originally designed for use in psychiatric settings, the HADS excludes physical symptoms that may be related to somatic medical conditions, such as weight loss and insomnia, and aims to detect the milder levels of distress commonly seen in cardiac patients.

Measurement Characteristics and Clinical Utility of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease