Engineering

Aerospace engineering

Biology

Endocrinology

Substitution (logic)

Embeddedness

Economics

Computer science

Anthropology

Classical economics

Business

Entrepreneurship

Differential (mechanical device)

Internal medicine

Sociology

Artificial intelligence

Human capital

Medicine

Programming language

Economic growth

Finance

Perspective (graphical)

Differential effects

Social science

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

This study investigates how entrepreneurial health and spousal health influence monetary and non-monetary entrepreneurial success. Drawing on human capital theory in combination with a family embeddedness perspective on entrepreneurship and applying actor–partner interdependence models to longitudinal data, we conclude that overall spousal health constitutes an important extension of entrepreneurs’ human capital influencing entrepreneurial success. This study further contributes to human capital research by offering interesting insights and novel theorizing on substitution effects for different types of entrepreneurial human capital, and adds to a biological perspective on entrepreneurship by considering the differential role of biological sex in the health–success relationship.

Health as Human Capital in Entrepreneurship: Individual, Extension, and Substitution Effects on Entrepreneurial Success