Electrical engineering

Sharpe ratio

Arbitrage pricing theory

Arbitrage

Capital asset pricing model

Stochastic game

Mathematics

Economic growth

Index arbitrage

Bidding

Financial economics

Mathematical optimization

World Wide Web

Engineering

Pairs trade

Trading strategy

Alternative trading system

Electricity market

Econometrics

Economics

Microeconomics

Electricity

Session (web analytics)

Convergence (economics)

Portfolio

Computer science

Risk arbitrage

Algorithmic trading

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

We consider the problem of optimal bidding for virtual trading in two-settlement electricity markets. A virtual trader aims to arbitrage on differences between day-ahead and real-time market prices that are random and unknown to market participants. An online learning algorithm is proposed to maximize the cumulative payoff over a finite number of trading sessions by allocating the trader's budget among his bids for K options in each session. It is shown that the expected payoff of the proposed algorithm converges, with an almost optimal convergence rate, to the expected payoff of the global optimal corresponding to the case when the underlying price distribution is known. The proposed algorithm is also generalized for trading strategies with a risk measure. By using both cumulative payoff and Sharpe ratio as performance metrics, evaluations were performed based on the historical data spanning ten year period of NYISO and PJM markets. It was shown that the proposed strategy outperforms standard benchmarks and the S&P 500 index over the same period.

Algorithmic Bidding for Virtual Trading in Electricity Markets