Biomedical engineering

Chemistry

Chromatography

Agarose

Biochemistry

Saline

Phosphate buffered saline

SWEAT

Internal medicine

Biosensor

Medicine

Scientific Reports

This study is the first report demonstrating proof-of-concept for a hydrogel-based touch sensor pad used for the non-invasive extraction and detection of sweat components. The sensor device was composed of an electrochemical L-lactate biosensor covered with an agarose gel in a phosphate buffer saline. When human skin contacts the agarose gel, L-lactate in sweat was continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in-situ potentiometric detection without controlled conditions. This novel type of sweat sensor is expected to enable the simple, non-invasive daily periodic monitoring of sweat biomarkers for advanced personal healthcare methods in the future.

Noninvasive Sweat-Lactate Biosensor Emplsoying a Hydrogel-Based Touch Pad