Macroeconomics

Marketing

Production cost

Engineering

Biotechnology

Bacteria

Biology

Diversity (politics)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Economics

Biochemistry

Anthropology

Computational biology

Business

Biochemical engineering

Mechanical engineering

Genetics

Mathematics

Biosynthesis

Enzyme

Sociology

Geometry

Chemistry

Metabolic engineering

Cost reduction

Synthetic biology

Production (economics)

Reduction (mathematics)

Metabolic Engineering

PHA, a family of natural biopolymers aiming to replace non-degradable plastics for short-term usages, has been developed to include various structures such as short-chain-length (scl) and medium-chain-length (mcl) monomers as well as their copolymers. However, PHA market has been grown slowly since 1980s due to limited variety with good mechanical properties and the high production cost. Here, we review most updated strategies or approaches including metabolic engineering, synthetic biology and morphology engineering on expanding PHA diversity, reducing production cost and enhancing PHA production. The extremophilic Halomonas spp. are taken as examples to show the feasibility and challenges to develop next generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) for producing PHA more competitively.

Engineering biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) for diversity and cost reduction