Finance

Environmental resource management

Ecosystem

Top-down and bottom-up design

Business

Government (linguistics)

Science park

Economic growth

Knowledge management

Biology

Software engineering

Engineering

Marketing

Philosophy

Intermediary

Business ecosystem

Economics

Ecology

Computer science

Linguistics

Entrepreneurship

Global Transitions

The direct top-down approach and indirect bottom-up approach are two ends of the spectrum in the role of government in developing an innovation ecosystem. Taking a hybrid approach, we develop the concept of the ecosystem enricher who fertilizes the interactions and linkages of multiple stakeholders in innovation ecosystems. In an in-depth case study of the Suzhou Dushu Lake Science and Education Innovation District (SEID), we find that the local government has played an enricher role in directly driving university-industry connections from a mainly top-down approach. Yet many issues remain and more bottom-up policies are needed. We group these issues into three areas: priority setting in university development, university-industry collaborations, and innovation and entrepreneurship intermediaries. Our findings also highlight both the benefits and liabilities in the top-down approach of government policy in driving innovation ecosystems and how a hybrid of the top-down and bottom-up approach is needed.

Enriching innovation ecosystems: The role of government in a university science park