Macroeconomics

Energy consumption

Ecology

Biology

Economic system

Foreign direct investment

Economic globalization

Economics

Market economy

Development economics

Globalization

Politics

Urbanization

Political science

Sociology

International economics

Consumption (sociology)

Economic growth

Investment (military)

Social science

The Science of The Total Environment

This research scrutinizes the impact of globalization, economic factors and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Pakistan from 1971 to 2016 by utilizing dynamic ARDL simulations model Jordan and Philips (2018). Dynamic ARDL simulations model has capability to predict the actual positive and negative change in the independent variables and its effect on the dependent variable. The examined results of dynamic ARDL simulations indicates that Energy consumption, financial development, trade, foreign direct investment, economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization have positive effect on CO2 emissions in Pakistan while urbanization, economic growth and innovation have negative effect on CO2 emissions in Pakistan while in the short run the examined results of dynamic ARDL simulations indicate that energy consumption, urbanization, economic growth, financial development, economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization have positive effect on CO2 emissions in Pakistan while trade, innovation and foreign direct investment have negative effect on CO2 emissions. Based on the results of this study policy implications are suggested for Pakistan.

Impact of globalization, economic factors and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Pakistan