Firefly algorithm

Overcurrent

Quantum mechanics

Firefly protocol

Algorithm

Engineering

Biology

Protective relay

Relay

Power (physics)

Particle swarm optimization

Computer science

Mathematical optimization

Current (fluid)

Physics

Mathematics

Electric power system

Artificial intelligence

Heuristic

Zoology

Electrical engineering

IEEE Access

In an electrical power network linear and non-linear models are used for directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination issue by applying different heuristic techniques.Nature inspired algorithms (NIA) have found great interest in power system optimization issues.This paper proposes the recently developed meta-heuristic technique known as Firefly Algorithm (FA) that mimics the flashing behavior of fireflies.The implementation of the proposed algorithm has been utilized to solve the coordination of DOCR problems.The main aim of this paper is to find out the optimum values of the Time Dial Setting (TDS) to minimize the relay operating time.The modifications to original FA has been implemented in this paper to solve the DOCR coordination issues.Self-adaptive weight and experience-based learning strategy are added in the original FA, named as improved firefly algorithm (IFA).In IFA, a self-adaptive weight is presented to change the propensity of moving the best solution and ignoring the worst solution.In addition, an experiencebased learning system is created and utilized arbitrarily to keep up the populace-assorted variety and improve the exploration capacity.The IFA has been tested on IEEE 6 and 30-bus systems and tested on IEEE 9bus system for numerical DOCRs and the results had been compared with results of Whale optimization algorithm to validate the performance of IFA in case of numerical DOCR.The obtained results show that the IFA provides efficient and promising results compared to other meta-heuristic techniques mentioned in the literature.The IFA has been successfully implemented on MATLAB software programming.

Improved Firefly Algorithm for the Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays