Gesture recognition

Orientation (vector space)

Handwriting

Telecommunications

Classifier (UML)

Computer science

Numerical digit

Gesture

Pattern recognition (psychology)

Mathematics

Artificial intelligence

Geometry

Radar

Convolutional neural network

Speech recognition

Computer vision

Arithmetic

Preprocessor

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

In this paper, we classify digits written in mid-air using hand gestures. Impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) radar sensors are used for data acquisition, with three radar sensors placed in a triangular geometry. Conventional radar-based gesture recognition methods use whole raw data matrices or a group of features for gesture classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) or other machine learning algorithms. However, if the training and testing data differ in distance, orientation, hand shape, hand size, or even gesture speed or the radar setup environment, these methods become less accurate. To develop a more robust gesture recognition method, we propose not using raw data for the CNN classifier, but instead employing the hand's mid-air trajectory for classification. The hand trajectory has a stereotypical shape for a given digit, regardless of the hand's orientation or speed, making its classification easy and robust. Our proposed method consists of three stages: signal preprocessing, hand motion localization, and tracking and transforming the trajectory data into an image to classify it using a CNN. Our proposed method outperforms conventional approaches because it is robust to changes in orientation, distance, and hand shape and size. Moreover, this method does not require building a huge training database of digits drawn by different users in different orientations; rather, we can use training databases already available in the image processing field. Overall, the proposed mid-air handwritten digit recognition system provides a user-friendly and accurate mid-air handwriting modality that does not place restrictions on users.

Detecting Mid-Air Gestures for Digit Writing With Radio Sensors and a CNN