Internal medicine

Pathology

Disease

Quality of life (healthcare)

Nursing

Political science

Intensive care medicine

Physical therapy

Psychology

Affect (linguistics)

Alternative medicine

Osteoarthritis

Pain and suffering

Communication

Medicine

The Veterinary Nurse

Pain is an under-recognised, under-diagnosed and under-treated condition in animals. Chronic pain is a significant welfare concern in our fifth life stage (or end-of-life) veterinary patients. This article aims to look at three common conditions that can adversely affect end-of-life patients: osteoarthritis, dental disease, and cancer. It will then look at how the pain in these conditions can be effectively addressed and managed.

Managing pain in common end-of-life conditions