Physics

Internal medicine

Organic chemistry

Urban seismic risk

Resilience (materials science)

Risk management

Hazard

Forensic engineering

Bridge (graph theory)

Civil engineering

Engineering

Seismic risk

Management

Economics

Power (physics)

Chemistry

Earthquake scenario

Quantum mechanics

Reliability (semiconductor)

Seismic hazard

Medicine

Thermodynamics

Structure and Infrastructure Engineering

After recent large earthquakes, field investigations confirmed that several bridges were severely damaged and collapsed not only due to the earthquake, as an independent hazard, but also to the subsequent tsunami, landslide or fault displacement. In addition, long-term material deterioration might have an important impact on seismic damage to bridges. Therefore, it is important to study both independent and interacting hazards and their effects on the reliability and risk of bridges and bridge networks. Although earthquake is still a dominant hazard to bridges in many earthquake-prone countries, a life-cycle reliability and risk approach has to consider both independent and interrelated hazards causing bridge failure. Such an approach is presented in this paper. In addition, issues related to life-cycle analysis, design, risk, resilience and management of bridges under earthquake and other hazards are discussed. Finally, the concepts and methods presented are illustrated on both single bridges and bridge networks.

Toward life-cycle reliability-, risk- and resilience-based design and assessment of bridges and bridge networks under independent and interacting hazards: emphasis on earthquake, tsunami and corrosion