Engineering

Reliability engineering

Statistics

Environmental economics

Energy (signal processing)

Cost analysis

Economics

Computer science

Organic chemistry

Renewable energy

Mathematics

Process engineering

Economic analysis

Microgrid

Chemistry

Energy carrier

Agricultural economics

Sizing

Electrical engineering

Energy

The objective of this study is optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of an energy- and cost-efficient standalone multi-carrier microgrid (SMCMG). This SMCMG is with the integration of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT), wind turbine (WT), micro-turbine (MT), electrical energy storage (EES), thermal energy storage (TES), and backup natural gas boiler (GB) units. For this aim, a long-term planning approach is put forward, taking into account battery degradation and reliability considerations. Total annual cost (TAC) is served as the objective function of the optimization problem, which covers investment, replacement, fuel, and operation and maintenance costs. A rule-based energy management system (EMS), which prioritizes the application of renewable energy (RE) resources, is introduced to administrate the SMCMG operation and maximize RE utilization. To solve the optimization problem, a robust metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called evolutionary particle swarm optimization (E-PSO), is employed, and the results are validated. The simulations are conducted based on real data from Rafsanjan, Iran. null The superiority of the E-PSO algorithm is demonstrated. Various techno-economic analyses are conducted, and different configurations for SMCMG are studied. The results signify the competence of the proposed configuration for SMCMG from economic, energy efficiency, reliability, and environmental points of view.

Optimal sizing and techno-economic analysis of energy- and cost-efficient standalone multi-carrier microgrid