Parochialism

Value (mathematics)

Social value orientations

Politics

Social identity theory

Gene

Group conflict

Hindsight bias

Ingroups and outgroups

Machine learning

Prosocial behavior

Political science

Dominance (genetics)

Social group

Psychology

Economics

Microeconomics

Social dominance orientation

Chemistry

Honesty

Computer science

Social preferences

Democracy

In-group favoritism

Biochemistry

Ultimatum game

Authoritarianism

Social psychology

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Engaging in personally costly within-group cooperation benefits one’s in-group members but also impacts other groups by benefiting, neglecting, or harming out-group members, leading to a range of potential consequences for between-group relations (e.g., collaboration vs. competition). We introduce the Intergroup Parochial and Universal Cooperation (IPUC) game to investigate the prevalence of the individual preferences underlying these different expressions of within-group cooperation: universalism, weak parochialism, and strong parochialism. In two online experiments with natural groups, we show that the IPUC has value beyond existing economic games in measuring these preferences separately. In a third experiment conducted in the lab, we show how dispositional measures traditionally associated with within- and between-group cooperation, that is, social value orientation, social dominance orientation, honesty-humility, and empathic concern, predict different preferences. Thus, the IPUC provides a tool to better understand within- and between-group interactions and to test interventions to overcome intergroup conflict.

Parochial Versus Universal Cooperation: Introducing a Novel Economic Game of Within- and Between-Group Interaction