Generative model

Compatibility (geochemistry)

Materials science

Theoretical computer science

Basis (linear algebra)

Probabilistic logic

Inverse

Metamaterial

Computer science

Physics

Generative Design

Generative grammar

Mathematics

Politics

Optics

Political science

Mathematical analysis

Artificial intelligence

Geometry

Composite material

Representation (politics)

Inverse problem

Machine learning

Advanced Materials

The research of metamaterials has achieved enormous success in the manipulation of light in a prescribed manner using delicately designed subwavelength structures, so-called meta-atoms. Even though modern numerical methods allow for the accurate calculation of the optical response of complex structures, the inverse design of metamaterials, which aims to retrieve the optimal structure according to given requirements, is still a challenging task owing to the nonintuitive and nonunique relationship between physical structures and optical responses. To better unveil this implicit relationship and thus facilitate metamaterial designs, it is proposed to represent metamaterials and model the inverse design problem in a probabilistically generative manner, enabling to elegantly investigate the complex structure–performance relationship in an interpretable way, and solve the one-to-many mapping issue that is intractable in a deterministic model. Moreover, to alleviate the burden of numerical calculations when collecting data, a semisupervised learning strategy is developed that allows the model to utilize unlabeled data in addition to labeled data in an end-to-end training. On a data-driven basis, the proposed deep generative model can serve as a comprehensive and efficient tool that accelerates the design, characterization, and even new discovery in the research domain of metamaterials, and photonics in general.

Probabilistic Representation and Inverse Design of Metamaterials Based on a Deep Generative Model with Semi‐Supervised Learning Strategy