Operating system

Collaborative learning

Sociology

Mathematics education

Artificial intelligence

Psychology

Qualitative research

Anthropology

Pedagogy

Control (management)

Teacher education

Social science

Computer science

Cooperative learning

Focus group

Teaching method

Process (computing)

Educational Research Review

For this review, we synthesized quantitative and qualitative research on collaborative learning to examine the relationship between teacher guidance strategies and the processes and outcomes of collaboration among students (66 studies). The results show that several aspects of teacher guidance are positively related to student collaboration, for example when teachers focus their attention on students’ problem solving strategies. During student collaboration, opportunities arise for students to engage in collaborative activities that support their learning process. The way teachers take more or less control of these moments determines whether these opportunities can be turned into real moments of learning for the students. This review highlights the important yet challenging role of the teacher during collaborative learning.

A systematic review of teacher guidance during collaborative learning in primary and secondary education