Quantum mechanics

Charge conservation

Baryon number

Lattice QCD

Nuclear physics

Equation of state

Particle physics

Hadron

Quark–gluon plasma

Strangeness

Baryon

Physics

Heavy ion

QCD matter

Electric charge

Nucleon

Elliptic flow

Charge (physics)

Strangeness production

Nuclear matter

Quantum chromodynamics

Physical review. C

We construct the QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials including net baryon, electric charge, and strangeness, based on the conserved charge susceptibilities determined from lattice QCD simulations and the equation of state of the hadron resonance gas model. For the application to relativistic heavy-ion collisions we consider the situation of strangeness neutrality and matter with a fixed electric charge-to-baryon ratio, resembling that of heavy nuclei. The importance of finite electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials for particle production in heavy-ion collisions is demonstrated using hydrodynamic simulations.

Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions