Physics

Sociology

Modalities

Social science

Multimedia

Musical

Categorization

Optics

Literature

Speech coding

Audio signal processing

Visual arts

Artificial intelligence

Exploit

Set (abstract data type)

Lyrics

Focus (optics)

Programming language

Information retrieval

Data science

Music information retrieval

Computer science

Audio signal

Speech recognition

Computer security

Towards improving the performance in various music information processing tasks, recent studies exploit different modalities able to capture diverse aspects of music. Such modalities include audio recordings, symbolic music scores, mid-level representations, motion and gestural data, video recordings, editorial or cultural tags, lyrics and album cover arts. This paper critically reviews the various approaches adopted in Music Information Processing and Retrieval, and highlights how multimodal algorithms can help Music Computing applications. First, we categorize the related literature based on the application they address. Subsequently, we analyze existing information fusion approaches, and we conclude with the set of challenges that Music Information Retrieval and Sound and Music Computing research communities should focus in the next years.

Multimodal Music Information Processing and Retrieval: Survey and Future Challenges