Physics

Mathematics

Noise (video)

Image (mathematics)

Statistics

Scale invariance

Probability distribution

Dielectric

Philosophy

Artificial intelligence

Amplitude

Condensed matter physics

Exponent

Computer science

Linguistics

Quantum mechanics

Power law

Ferroelectricity

Physical Review Materials

Ferroelectric-field switching in $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ generates ``Barkhausen noise'' when domain walls are displaced. We show by acoustic emission spectroscopy that electric-field switching of ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ boundaries generates large strain fields, which emit acoustic phonons during ferroelectric hysteresis measurements. We use highly sensitive receivers (microphones) to measure the time sequences of noise in close analogy to noise patterns in ferroelastic and magnetic materials. Domain-wall interactions and jamming generate the ``crackling noise'' that follows scale invariant avalanche dynamics: the avalanche energy and amplitude probability distribution functions follow power laws with exponents $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}=1.65$ (energy) and \ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{'} = 2.25 (amplitudes). Aftershocks are very common and follow Omori law with probability $\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}p}$ where $t$ is the time elapsed after the main shock and $p$ is the Omori exponent $p\ensuremath{\sim}1$. The interevent times follow a double power-law distribution with exponents 0.9 for small times and 2.2 for the larger times. The scaling behavior is consistent with predictions of mean field theory.

Ferroelectric switching and scale invariant avalanches in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>BaTi</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Ferroelectric switching and scale invariant avalanches in BaTiO3