Quantum mechanics

Control (management)

Voltage

Engineering

Reliability engineering

Control engineering

Smart grid

Power (physics)

Computer science

Physics

Electric power system

Artificial intelligence

Electrical engineering

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

In this paper, we review the emerging challenges and research opportunities for voltage control in smart grids. For transmission grids, the voltage control for accommodating wind and solar power, fault-induced delayed voltage recovery, and measurement-based Thevenin equivalent for voltage stability analysis are reviewed. For distribution grids, the impact of high penetration of distributed energy resources is analyzed, typical control strategies are reviewed, and the challenges for local inverter Volt–Var control is discussed. In addition, the motivation, state-of-the-art, and future directions of the coordination of transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO) are also thoroughly discussed.

Review of Challenges and Research Opportunities for Voltage Control in Smart Grids