Balance of payments

Archaeology

Balance of trade

Macroeconomics

Cointegration

Debt

Balance (ability)

Econometrics

Tourism

Distributed lag

Economics

Geography

Exchange rate

Context (archaeology)

Deficit spending

Fiscal policy

Monetary economics

Fiscal deficit

Current account

Medicine

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research

The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of payments (BOPs) and tourism for the period of 1976–2015 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings of the paper exposed an indirect relationship between tourism and BOP deficit in the context of Pakistan economy, while deficit balance of trade, real effective exchange rate, and deficit in fiscal balance have a positive and significant association with the deficit in the BOPs in the long run. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policies should be devised that promote the tourism industry of Pakistan as it would be helpful in reducing the deficit in the BOPs.

The impact of tourism on deficit in balance of payments of Pakistan: an application of bounds testing approach to cointegration