Smart grid

Electrical engineering

Nanotechnology

Scheduling (production processes)

Demand response

Mathematics

Distributed computing

Engineering

Grid

Renewable energy

Materials science

Electricity

Operations management

Geometry

Blockchain

Prosumer

Computer science

Computer security

Peer-to-peer

Distributed generation

IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems

The power grid is rapidly transforming, and while recent grid innovations increased the utilization of advanced control methods, the next-generation grid demands technologies that enable the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs)- and consumers that both seamlessly buy and sell electricity. This paper develops an optimization model and blockchainbased architecture to manage the operation of crowdsourced energy systems (CESs), with peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading transactions (ETTs). An operational model of CESs in distribution networks is presented considering various types of ETT and crowdsourcees. Then, a two-phase operation algorithm is presented: Phase I focuses on the day-ahead scheduling of generation and controllable DERs, whereas Phase II is developed for hour-ahead or real-time operation of distribution networks. The developed approach supports seamless P2P energy trading between individual prosumers and/or the utility. The presented operational model can also be used to operate islanded microgrids. The CES framework and the operation algorithm are then prototyped through an efficient blockchain implementation, namely, the IBM Hyperledger Fabric. This implementation allows the system operator to manage the network users to seamlessly trade energy. Case studies and prototype illustration are provided.

Energy Crowdsourcing and Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grids