Ionosphere

Physics

Geology

Thermosphere

Meteorology

Atmosphere (unit)

Atmosphere of Venus

Astronomy

Magnetosphere

Planetary science

Venus

Quantum mechanics

Plasma

Spacecraft

Planet

Astrobiology

Exosphere

Space Science Reviews

This is a review of current knowledge about Earth’s nearest planetary neighbour and near twin, Venus. Such knowledge has recently been extended by the European Venus Express and the Japanese Akatsuki spacecraft in orbit around the planet; these missions and their achievements are concisely described in the first part of the review, along with a summary of previous Venus observations. The scientific discussions which follow are divided into three main sections: on the surface and interior; the atmosphere and climate; and the thermosphere, exosphere and magnetosphere. These reports are intended to provide an overview for the general reader, and also an introduction to the more detailed topical surveys in the following articles in this issue, where full references to original material may be found.

Venus: The Atmosphere, Climate, Surface, Interior and Near-Space Environment of an Earth-Like Planet