Enhanced fermentative hydrogen production from industrial wastewater using mixed culture bacteria incorporated with iron, nickel, and zinc-based nanoparticles

The present study assessed the efficiency of utilizing mixed culture bacteria (MCB) incorporated with individual nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., hematite (α-Fe2O3), nickel oxide (NiO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), dual NPs (α-Fe2O3 + NiO, α-Fe2O3 + ZnO, and NiO + ZnO), and multi-NPs (α-Fe2O3 + NiO + ZnO) for hydrogen production (HP) from industrial wastewater containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG). When MCB was individually supplemented with α-Fe2O3 (200...