Cohen's kappa

Kappa

Statistics

Retinal

Ophthalmology

Fundus photography

Computer science

Environmental health

Radiology

Fluorescein angiography

Fundus (uterus)

Mathematics

Ophthalmoscopy

Population

Meta-analysis

Internal medicine

Geometry

Smartphone application

Medicine

Observational study

Optometry

Gold standard (test)

Multimedia

Clinical ophthalmology

Smartphone fundoscopy is a new option for visualizing the ocular fundus but must be validated before being included in population-based examinations. Our aim was to evaluate the quality of fundoscopic images obtained via smartphone and to compare their agreement with retinal camera images or clinical examination.The database for this study included all observational studies with smartphone fundoscopy that have comparative analyses with the gold standard methods.Out of 121 potentially relevant studies, nine were included in this analysis, comprising a total of 4,219 eyes. Mean age was 56.6 years (SD±8.5). Combined kappa (κ) agreement statistics were equal to 77.77% (95% CI: 70.34%, 83.70%). No heterogeneity was measured by random effects (I2=zero).Fundoscopic images obtained by using smartphones have substantial agreement with gold standards for clinical or photographic exams.

Agreement between retinal images obtained via smartphones and images obtained with retinal cameras or fundoscopic exams &amp;ndash; systematic review and meta-analysis

Agreement between retinal images obtained via smartphones and images obtained with retinal cameras or fundoscopic exams &amp;ndash; systematic review and meta-analysis

Agreement between retinal images obtained via smartphones and images obtained with retinal cameras or fundoscopic exams – systematic review and meta-analysis