Electrical engineering

Physics

Control engineering

Agronomy

Synchronous motor

Biology

Inverter

Operating system

Inertia

Engineering

Voltage

Artificial intelligence

Power (physics)

Controller (irrigation)

Automatic frequency control

Control (management)

Converters

Computer science

Transient (computer programming)

Quantum mechanics

Electric power system

Control theory (sociology)

Classical mechanics

Telecommunications

Linear-quadratic regulator

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

This paper presents a novel virtual synchronous machine controller for converters in power systems with a high share of renewable resources. Using a linear quadratic regulator-based optimization technique, the optimal state feedback gain is determined to adaptively adjust the emulated inertia and damping constants according to the frequency disturbance in the system, while simultaneously preserving a tradeoff between the critical frequency limits and the required control effort. Two control designs are presented and compared against the open-loop model. The proposed controllers are integrated into a state-of-the-art converter control scheme and verified through electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations.

LQR-Based Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Machine for Power Systems With High Inverter Penetration