Supply chain

Business

Mathematics

Operations research

Mathematical optimization

Engineering

Marketing

Artificial intelligence

Economics

Operations management

Computer science

Lead time

Selection (genetic algorithm)

International Journal of Production Research

Firms currently operate in highly competitive scenarios, where the environmental conditions evolve over time. Many factors intervene simultaneously and their hard-to-interpret interactions throughout the supply chain greatly complicate decision-making. The complexity clearly manifests itself in the field of inventory management, in which determining the optimal replenishment rule often becomes an intractable problem. This paper applies machine learning to help managers understand these complex scenarios and better manage the inventory flow. Building on a dynamic framework, we employ an inductive learning algorithm for setting the most appropriate replenishment policy over time by reacting to the environmental changes. This approach proves to be effective in a three-echelon supply chain where the scenario is defined by seven variables (cost structure, demand variability, three lead times, and two partners’ inventory policy). Considering four alternatives, the algorithm determines the best replenishment rule around 88% of the time. This leads to a noticeable reduction of operating costs against static alternatives. Interestingly, we observe that the nodes are much more sensitive to inventory decisions in the lower echelons than in the upper echelons of the supply chain.

Applying machine learning to the dynamic selection of replenishment policies in fast-changing supply chain environments