Geology

Atmospheric sciences

Polar

Climatology

Troposphere

Astronomy

Northern Hemisphere

Latitude

Polar vortex

El Niño Southern Oscillation

Environmental science

Geodesy

Atmospheric circulation

Quasi-biennial oscillation

Sudden stratospheric warming

Physics

Teleconnection

Stratosphere

Reviews of Geophysics

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts also extend above the troposphere, affecting the strength and variability of the stratospheric polar vortex in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, as well as the composition and circulation of the tropical stratosphere. El Niño events are associated with a warming and weakening of the polar vortex in the polar stratosphere of both hemispheres, while a cooling can be observed in the tropical lower stratosphere. These impacts are linked by a strengthened Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Anomalous upward wave propagation is observed in the extratropics of both hemispheres. For La Niña, these anomalies are often opposite. The stratosphere in turn affects surface weather and climate over large areas of the globe. Since these surface impacts are long‐lived, the changes in the stratosphere can lead to improved surface predictions on ti...

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere