Quantum mechanics

Engineering

Telecommunications

Calibration

Amplifier

Antenna (radio)

Geology

Physics

Optics

Electronic engineering

Remote sensing

Transceiver

Phased array

CMOS

Electrical engineering

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

This paper presents a 64-element 28-GHz phased-array transceiver for 5G communications based on null null null $2\times 2$ null null null transmit/ receive (TRX) beamformer chips. Sixteen of the null null null $2\times 2$ null null null TRX chips are assembled on a 12-layer printed circuit board (PCB) together with a Wilkinson combiner/divider network and 28–32-GHz stacked-patch antennas. The 64-element array results in 1.1 dB and 8.9° rms amplitude and phase error, respectively, with no calibration due to the symmetric design of the null null null $2\times 2$ null null null beamformer chips and the PCB Wilkinson network. The effect of phase and amplitude mismatch between the 64 elements is analyzed and shown to have little impact on the 64-element array performance due to the averaging effects of phased arrays. Detailed pattern, effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), and link measurements performed without any array calibration are presented and show the robustness of the symmetrical design technique. The phased array can scan to ±50° in azimuth ( null null $H$ null null -plane) and ±25° in elevation ( null null $E$ null null -plane) with low sidelobes and achieves a saturated EIRP of 52 dBm with 4-GHz 3-dB bandwidth. A 300-m wireless link is demonstrated with a record-setting data rate of 8–12 Gb/s over all scan angles using two 64-element TRX arrays and 16-/64-QAM waveforms.

A 64-Element 28-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With 52-dBm EIRP and 8–12-Gb/s 5G Link at 300 Meters Without Any Calibration