Mathematics

Bioinformatics

Biology

Statistical hypothesis testing

Statistics

Econometrics

Psychology

Randomization

Insignificance

Statistical analysis

Clinical trial

Social psychology

The Quarterly Journal of Economics

I follow R. A. Fisher's,The Design of Experiments (1935), using randomization statistical inference to test the null hypothesis of no treatment effects in a comprehensive sample of 53 experimental papers drawn from the journals of the American Economic Association. In the average paper, randomization tests of the significance of individual treatment effects find 13% to 22% fewer significant results than are found using authors' methods. In joint tests of multiple treatment effects appearing together in tables, randomization tests yield 33% to 49% fewer statistically significant results than conventional tests. Bootstrap and jackknife methods support and confirm the randomization results.

Channeling Fisher: Randomization Tests and the Statistical Insignificance of Seemingly Significant Experimental Results*