Geology

Business

Archaeology

Peasant

Computer network

Economic growth

Biology

Agriculture

Mineral resource classification

Geochemistry

Political science

Economics

Geography

Natural resource economics

Ecology

Resource (disambiguation)

Livelihood

Computer science

Natural resource

Socioeconomic development

Indigenous

Social capital

Annual Review of Anthropology

This article examines the social and environmental costs of living in the mineral age, wherein contemporary global livelihoods depend almost completely on the extraction of mineral resources. Owing to the logic of extractivism—the rapid and widespread removal of resources for exchange in global capitalist markets—both developed and developing countries are inextricably entangled in pursuing resource extraction as a means of sustaining current lifestyles as well as a key mechanism for promoting socioeconomic development. The past 15 years has seen a massive expansion of mineral resource extraction as many developing countries liberalized their mining sectors, allowing foreign capital and mining companies onto the lands of peasant farmers and indigenous people. This mining expansion has also facilitated the rise of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Transformations in livelihoods and corporate practices as well as the environmental impacts and social conflicts wrought by mining are the central foci of this article.

The Anthropology of Mining: The Social and Environmental Impacts of Resource Extraction in the Mineral Age