Internal medicine

Sociology

Disease

Modalities

Intervention (counseling)

Motor symptoms

Social science

Speech production

Politics

Psychiatry

Phonation

Political science

Psychology

Articulation (sociology)

Parkinson's disease

Dysarthria

Deep brain stimulation

Speech disorder

Computer science

Audiology

Speech recognition

Prosody

Medicine

Physical medicine and rehabilitation

Neurodegenerative Disease Management

The prevalence of speech disorders among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported to be as high as 89%. Speech impairment in PD results from a combination of motor and nonmotor deficits. The production of speech depends upon the coordination of various motor activities: respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody. A speech disorder is defined as impairment in any of its inter-related components. Despite the high prevalence of speech disorders in PD, only 3–4% receive speech treatment. Treatment modalities include pharmacological intervention, speech therapy, surgery, deep brain stimulation and vocal fold augmentation. Although management of Parkinsonian dysarthria is clinically challenging, speech treatment in PD should be part of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care in this disease.

Speech Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Medical Management and Surgical Approaches