Quantum mechanics

Scale (ratio)

Engineering

Penetration depth

Statistics

Geotechnical engineering

Metallurgy

Materials science

Computer simulation

Ballistic limit

Projectile

Geology

Physics

Operations research

Randomness

Mathematics

Optics

Composite material

Penetration (warfare)

Structural engineering

Mechanics

Reinforcement

Construction and Building Materials

It is very important to minimize the residual velocity of penetrator as far as possible in designing defensive structures. The ability of reinforced concrete (RC) against projectile penetration can be effectively promoted by optimizing the configuration of reinforcement. This paper presents numerical studies on the penetration resistance of RC against non-deforming projectile penetration at striking velocities ranging from 300 m/s to 1056 m/s. Firstly, an innovative three-dimensional (3D) meso-scale model of RC is created and the randomness of the shape, size and distribution of aggregates are taken into account. A modified intersection detection is used to prevent the aggregates from overlapping with embedded reinforcements. In order to validate the RC model and analysis approach, the numerical results of penetration are compared with the referenced experimental data, and good agreements are obtained. Numerical studies based on the validated meso-scale model are conducted to investigate the effects of reinforcement on the anti-penetration performance of slabs under different impact positions and reinforcement configurations, focusing on the reinforcement ratio, size of reinforcing meshes, distribution location (front, middle and rear), buried depth of the first layer, interlayer spacing and the number of reinforcing layers. Finally, the validations of numerical perforation results on ballistic limit are assessed by comparing with some empirical formulae. The results also show that the distributed aggregate is an important factor affecting the penetration resistance of RC.

Numerical investigations on the effect of reinforcement on penetration resistance of concrete slabs using a 3D meso-scale method