Gene

Glycosyltransferase

Rhamnose

Biology

Pectin

Biochemistry

Botany

Mucilage

Polysaccharide

Arabidopsis

Cell wall

Mutant

Enzyme

Golgi apparatus

Chemistry

Cell

Arabidopsis thaliana

Nature Plants

Pectin is one of the three key cell wall polysaccharides in land plants and consists of three major structural domains: homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and RG-II. Although the glycosyltransferase required for the synthesis of the homogalacturonan and RG-II backbone was identified a decade ago, those for the synthesis of the RG-I backbone, which consists of the repeating disaccharide unit [→2)-α-l-Rha-(1 → 4)-α-d-GalUA-(1→], have remained unknown. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Arabidopsis RG-I:rhamnosyltransferases (RRTs), which transfer the rhamnose residue from UDP-β-l-rhamnose to RG-I oligosaccharides. RRT1, which is one of the four Arabidopsis RRTs, is a single-spanning transmembrane protein, localized to the Golgi apparatus. RRT1 was highly expressed during formation of the seed coat mucilage, which is a specialized cell wall with abundant RG-I. Loss-of-function mutation in RRT1 caused a reduction in the level of RG-I in the seed coat mucilage. The RRTs belong to a novel glycosyltransferase family, now designated GT106. This is a large plant-specific family, and glycosyltransferases in this family seem to have plant-specific roles, such as biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Pectin, the major gelling component of the plant cell wall, is rich in galacturonic acids that compose the backbones of pectic polysaccharides. Now, researchers have identified a new family of enzymes responsible for synthesizing the backbone of pectin, RG-I.

Pectin RG-I rhamnosyltransferases represent a novel plant-specific glycosyltransferase family