Best practice

Context (archaeology)

Philosophy

Biology

Training (meteorology)

Economics

Computer science

Conceptual framework

Virtual reality

Geology

Oceanography

Paleontology

Physics

Emergency evacuation

Management

Epistemology

Meteorology

Knowledge management

Human–computer interaction

Multimedia

Computers & Education

An appropriate and safe behavior for exiting a facility is key to reducing injuries and increasing survival when facing an emergency evacuation in a building. Knowledge on the best evacuation practice is commonly delivered by traditional training approaches such as videos, posters, or evacuation drills, but they may become ineffective in terms of knowledge acquisition and retention. Serious games (SGs) are an innovative approach devoted to training and educating people in a gaming environment. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to immersive virtual reality (IVR)-based SGs for evacuation knowledge delivery and behavior assessment because they are highly engaging and promote greater cognitive learning. This paper aims to understand the development and implementation of IVR SGs in the context of building evacuation training and research, applied to various indoor emergencies such as fire and earthquake. Thus, a conceptual framework for effective design and implementation through the systematic literature review method was developed. As a result, this framework integrates critical aspects and provides connections between them, including pedagogical and behavioral impacts, gaming environment development, and outcome and participation experience measures.

Immersive virtual reality serious games for evacuation training and research: A systematic literature review