Algorithm

Turbulence

Materials science

Computation

Aspect ratio (aeronautics)

Physics

Mathematics

Flow (mathematics)

Composite material

Secondary flow

Mechanics

Physical Review Fluids

The secondary flow in wide turbulent ducts is characterized by means of high-order direct numerical simulations. New results indicate that ducts or experimental facilities with aspect ratios larger than 10 may, if properly designed, exhibit good agreement with results obtained from spanwise-periodic channel computations.

Secondary flow in turbulent ducts with increasing aspect ratio